Population totals for paroled groups were drawn from various sources, all as of September 30, 2023. The total Afghanistan paroled population is from the Department of Homeland Security, and distributed into age and gender categories as listed in this news article. The total Ukrainian-paroled population is drawn from this news article, with age and gender categories for Ukraine drawn from the distribution of similar refugees in Europe drawn from United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees data. Populations for CHNV and CBP One app processes are drawn from this Customs and Border Protection (CBP) report. The total population paroled via the U.S. southwestern border is based on Title 8 entry data from CBP for ports of entry and between ports of entry by nationality for calendar years 2021 and 2022. Publicly available micro-level data from CBP and U.S. Border Patrol for fiscal 2021 permitted a breakdown of parole and release rates by nationality and demographic group for all Title 8 encounters.
Labor force participation rates in selected industries with labor shortages were drawn from immigrants who entered the U.S. between 2017 and 2021, according to the 2021 American Community Survey. These rates were calculated for each nationality and gender group of adults to estimate the total adult population that is likely working in industries with labor shortages. The estimates operate under the assumption that newly arrived paroled immigrants will work at the same rate and in the same industries as co-nationals entering in recent years.
Industries with labor shortages are drawn from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and reflect industry-level estimates for March 2022 with a 5% or higher job openings rate. March 2022 was the peak month of total job openings in the U.S. The comparative time frame is about a year and a half later, in October 2023, and was the lowest level of job openings since the 2022 peak.